Journalism Code of Ethics

A large number of columnists all over world willfully grasp the writer code of morals as a basic arrangement of qualities and rules required to be an expert and ethically upstanding writer. The Society of Journalists (SPJ) says that â€Å"the code isn't proposed as a lot of ‘rules’ however as an asset for moral choice making†. Since it isn't legitimately implemented, it is up to the uprightness of the writer to maintain the code of morals. It is preposterous to expect to guarantee that all columnists submit to the code of ethics.There will be a few, who couldn't remain by their codes, qualities and honesty when they are notwithstanding financial and social weights, and decide to step the hazy areas. Individuals don't turn out to be awful writers in a day. It’s a moderate blur when high contrast is gone to dim. We should be extremely mindful so as not to part with ourselves to deceptive acts, and dismissal our ethics so as to get a decent story or some physi cal prizes. In Singapore, we are honored to have great, moral writers, who present straightforward news.The same can't be said for some columnists in different pieces of the world. Breslin’s (1997) study found the accompanying: In Japan, columnists willfully and routinely diminish their fact telling through the act of self-oversight †not from compulsion by the administration, yet by their own press associations that spread government. In the People's Republic of China, columnists †like every single basic laborer †are in the utilize of government and give recognition to reality, yet place a lower an incentive on seeking after with any forcefulness or perseverance.In Korea, writers regularly perceive truth as the expression of government, and recognize themselves with the tip top decision powers and distinguish their job as assisting with guaranteeing congruity between the rulers and the dominated. Their closeness to government is regularly estimated by the measu re of money in the â€Å"white envelopes† they get from their sources. Columnists can't live in the mists, doing what they believe is directly without pressures being put on them. Regularly, writers face pressure from an assortment of sources, all attempting to cause the columnist to act in a manner which isn't the manner in which the columnist would choose.Journalists are defective and uncertain. Be that as it may, we should endeavor to oppose the weights and stand firm. All things considered, it is imperative to survey the present reporting code of morals, and see if it is as yet significant and adequate. Undoubtedly, the code of morals ought to reflect qualities, difficulties and real factors of news coverage. Notwithstanding, â€Å"too a significant number of them are for the most part arrangements of do’s and don’ts (normally more don’ts), instead of supportive advisers for settling on moral choices in circumstances that aren’t as straightfor ward as the approaches at times make them† (Buttry, 2010).Also, with a great part of the articles and stories done on advanced social stages, the present news coverage code of morals is deficient with regards to rules on the utilization of internet based life. The news-casting code of morals endeavors to coordinate columnists from troublesome circumstances yet as the maxim goes; it is actually quite difficult. The situations depicted are excessively ambiguous and unreasonable. A writer may end up in different circumstances where the code of morals neglects to address. In that capacity, the code of morals is inadequate. I would suggest a report on the code of morals with new standards to turn out to be increasingly relevant to present day journalism.When utilizing internet based life as a stage for a story, know about the gathering who may be distorted on the grounds that they don't utilize web based life as frequently. For the segment featured securing wellsprings of data; if a writer guarantees a source that he would keep the informant’s character a mystery, he should hold his statement under all conditions. I might want to include, don't distribute basic sentiments from individuals looking for classification. The thought processes of sources ought to consistently be addressed. Individuals who wish to communicate genuine beliefs in the media ought to consistently remain behind their supposition. Objectivity and fairness.A columnist should consistently be target when he composes a story. I might want to include, hold a receptive outlook to all perspectives, even perspectives that we are awkward with. It is as a general rule, harder to compose impartially if the subject intrigue or disturb us. Assume men like Hitler and Osama canister loaded whom many consider to be malevolent, are as yet living among us today. What's more, assume an update comes in and says that Hitler is currently affirmed dead! Or on the other hand Osama receptacle loaded effect ively released another significant dread follow up on guiltless residents. But, the writer must forgo cheering or moaning in disturb and report fairly.Also, columnists ought to be reasonable for all sources. Official and informal sources can both be of equivalent legitimacy. The line between financial weight and helping out can be fairly dainty on occasion. A similar situation expressed in the examination control; in the event that you work for a little league paper, which is in budgetary challenges, you may be asked by a publicist to compose an article for a specific item, organization or even an individual as a byproduct of purchasing publicizing space in your paper. It will be against the respectability of the writer to applaud said item, organization or individual in the event that he doesn't have confidence in them.He would be respecting monetary weight on the off chance that he goes along. In any case, if a similar columnist considers the item, organization or individual to be worthy to him and the general population and in this way consents to help the publicist out, is it still against journalistic morals? In that capacity, I would propose another standard; a columnist while in full information that the item, organization or individual is of almost no advantage to the general population, should never advance or expound well on that item, organization or individual, to be better than it is. Acknowledgment of endowments is precluded. A writer ought not request installment in real money or in kind for journalistic work.And he can't acknowledge them either, regardless of whether they come without request. This is important to guarantee reasonableness and believability. Be that as it may, the code of morals offers no guide in regards to how a writer ought to give to help a reason or a political gathering. A writer is as yet an individual with rights, and his activity doesn't make him any to a lesser degree a resident of a law based society. Alluding to the dubious issue where Keith Olbermann gave $7200 of his own cash to three applicants pursuing open position. The occurrence brought about the excusal of Keith Olbermann from MSNBC.Greener (2010), posted: â€Å"Who among us needs to get their boss' authorization before making an open and lawful political gift? † The code of morals doesn't address how writers may give, just on what we can or can't get. It is justifiable, that the very idea of the activity sees any gifts by a columnist to be a predisposition towards the association. Therefore the requirement for more straightforwardness. I would propose another standard: A writer may contribute uninhibitedly to any admirable mission, as long as he does it transparently and express the subtleties on any articles identified with the topic.What should a columnist do if he somehow managed to begin an individual blog? In this new advanced age, the code of morals isn't adequate in covering the zone of computerized online networking. Do similar guidelines apply as though the columnist was composing for an official paper? Would he be able to have the right to speak freely of discourse in his own blog? Or on the other hand is he despite everything considered responsible for each word. This new standard ought to be presented: A columnist may post uninhibitedly on his own blog. Be that as it may, because of the idea of his activity, he ought not remark on any points he examined on his official medium, with the goal that he doesn't bargain his expert integrity.A columnist ought to be liable for whatever he composes. The motivation behind detailing equitably and reasonably is to guarantee as meager individuals as conceivable get injured or influenced by what we compose. All things considered, it is inescapable that individuals can get affronted now and again. In this way, a writer must concede botches and right them freely. Print isn't the main stage for writers. Different mediums incorporate photography, video, realisti c workmanship structures, sound and so on. Because of the various strategies for correspondence, more standards and rules are required.A absence of aptitude or information about various media ought not be a reason for a slip by in morals. Taking everything into account, a writer is considered responsible to his own trustworthiness and ethics. The news coverage code of morals is just a rule, for columnist to consider when they chance upon circumstances in their expert work. Reporting isn't as basic an occupation as what the overall population thinks. Much is expected of a writer; duty, obligation, empathy, a curious brain. These are simply the start of the numerous traits a decent writer requires.Of course, one can't turn into a decent columnist short-term. An expert writer is based on certainty gained through understanding, by defeating impediments and clutching morals. References Brislin, T. (Walk 6-8, 1994). A report on news-casting morals in Asia: Values and practices as setting for significance in Japan, China and Korea. In Jounalism Ethics in Asia. Recovered November 19, 2012, from http://www2. hawaii. edu/~tbrislin/asiaeth. html. Buttry, S. (November 7, 2010). Columnist's code of morals: time for an update?.In The Buttry Diary. Recovered November 19, 2012, from http://stevebuttry. wordpress. com/2010/11/07/columnists code-of-morals time-for-an-update/. Greener, R. (November 5, 2010). Keith Olbermann suspended by MSNBC: Like ‘Louie† †I'm stunned! . In The Huffington Post. Recovered November 19, 2012, from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/richard-greener/keith-olbermann-suspended_b_779736. html. SPJ Code of morals. (1996-2012). In Society of Professional Journalists. Recovered November 19, 2012, from http://www. spj. organization/ethicscode. asp.

Example of Business Contract

Case of Business Contract 1. Your Relationship with PCFS Solutions. A. Presentation. The deal and execution of Professional Services (characterized underneath) hereunder is dependent upon the particulars of this Professional Services Agreement (the Agreement) between you (hereinafter you or Client) and PCFS Solutions, Inc. also, its partners (hereinafter PCFS Solutions). PCFS Solutionss deal and execution of Professional Services under this Agreement will be exclusively for Clients own interior use and not for resale. B. Definitions. Expectations implies the substantial and immaterial materials, including reports, contemplates, base cases, drawings, discoveries, manuals, strategies and proposals arranged by PCFS Solutions or its providers, licensors or subcontractors throughout playing out the Professional Services. Materials implies all substance and different things included with or as a component of the Professional Services, Software or Deliverables. Proficient Services implies the administrations performed by PCFS Solutions as portrayed in at least one Statements of Work. Programming implies any product, library, utility, apparatus, or other PC or program code, in object (twofold) or source-code structure, just as the related documentation, gave by PCFS Solutions to you regarding the Professional Services. Programming incorporates programming privately introduced on your frameworks and programming got to by you through the Internet or other remote methods, (for example, sites, entries, the PCFS Solutions Platform, and cloud-based arrangements). Explanations of Work are independently marked commonly settled upon reports that diagram the extent of the Professional Services, timeframe for administration conveyance (counting any achievement prerequisites), essential assistance steps, and installment terms. Outsider Products implies any non-PCFS Solutions-marked items, programming or administrations. C. Extra Agreements. This Agreement along with any going with Statements of Work, shapes a legitimately restricting agreement among you and PCFS Solutions corresponding to your buy and PCFS Solutions execution of Professional Services. Every Statement of Work will be deciphered as a solitary understanding, autonomous of some other Statement of Work, with the goal that the entirety of the arrangements are given as full impact as could be expected under the circumstances. In case of a contention between these understandings, the provisions of these reports will be deciphered in the accompanying request of priority: (1) Statement of Work; (2) this Agreement. D. Installment. I. Installment Terms. Except if in any case consented to by PCFS Solutions, installment of solicitations must be gotten by before initiation of the Professional Services. Customer will pay PCFS Solutions charges for the Professional Services determined utilizing the rates set out in the Statement of Work inside 30 days in the wake of accepting invoice(s) for such expenses. Customer (1) will repay PCFS Solutions for sensible, real travel, suppers, dwelling, and other cash based costs brought about by PCFS Solutions regarding the Professional Services, and (2) will pay or repay PCFS Solutions for all charges, anyway assigned or demanded, on the Professional Services or Deliverables gave by PCFS Solutions hereunder. Extra charges may apply if Client demands Professional Services that are performed outside of contracted hours or are past the typical inclusion for the specific Service, for example, redid invoicing, united invoicing and articulations. II. Suspension and Termination. PCFS Solutions maintains whatever authority is needed to suspend or end any or every single Professional Service until PCFS Solutionss receipt of every past due sum. PCFS Solutions will have no risk to Client for any such suspension or end of Professional Services. PCFS Solutions further maintains all authority to look for assortment of every past due sum (counting by referral to outsider gatherers), in addition to all sensible legitimate charges (counting sensible lawyers expenses) and expenses related with such assortment, and Client consents to pay the equivalent. III. Duties. Except if in any case explicitly expressed, any expenses charged to Client do exclude Taxes (as characterized underneath). Customer is required to pay any Taxes related with the expenses charged by PCFS Solutions (Transaction Taxes), paying little mind to how or upon whom they are forced on. These Transaction Taxes bar personal expenses however may incorporate, yet are not restricted to, nearby, state, common, administrative or outside charges, tolls, obligations or comparable legislative evaluations of any nature, including esteem included duties, utilization assessments, Goods and Services charges, GST/HST, extract, deals, use or comparative charges and any retention charges (together Taxes). All sums invoiced compliant with this Agreement are payable in full and without decrease for Taxes. In the event that PCFS Solutions has a lawful commitment to pay or gather Taxes for which Client is mindful under this segment, the proper sum will be invoiced to and paid by Client , except if Client gives PCFS Solutions a legitimate expense exclusion testament approved by the suitable burdening authority. IV. Costs. The costs charged for Software and Professional Services bought under this Agreement will be the sums gone ahead in the Statement of Work. 2. Extent of this Agreement. This Agreement approves you to buy Professional Services from PCFS Solutions as per at least one Statements of Work that expressly join this Professional Services Agreement. 3. Privacy. Regarding this Agreement, each gathering may approach or be presented to data of the other party that isn't commonly known to people in general, for example, Software, Materials, item designs, evaluating, showcasing and deals data, Client records, know-how, or competitive advantages, which might be assigned as private or which, the situation being what it is encompassing divulgence, ought to be treated as classified (on the whole, Confidential Information). 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5 Books About Runners and Running

5 Books About Runners and Running Running can be scary. When I started, I was hovering at Fitness Level Zero, and the idea of pounding the pavement gave me the gurgles. Somehow the  twitchy, fidgety feeling in the back of my mind didnt let go  until I gave in and tried  it for myself and that is how the rubber hit the road. I fell hard and fast for runningnot only the physical benefits but the mental quiet Ive gained, and the endorphin rush doesnt hurt either. As with most readers, when I fall down the rabbit hole of a new interest  the books arent far behind. These are some favorites, some necessities, and at least one Im itching to get my hands on. Running Like a Girl: Notes on Learning to Run by Alexandra Heminsley is the most approachable book in this list. Heminsley committed to a marathon far  earlier in her running life than is advisable. It didnt take long for her to realize her mistake, but since she had already decided  to raise  funds for charity, she had to follow through. This was the first running book I picked up, and I literally bawled, full-on ugly cried, when Heminsley tackled that marathon. It was the first hint I had at how emotional it can be to conquer physical hurdles.  Unassuming and charming, this is  what I imagine its like for every woman (Everywoman)  without a solid athletic history who decides to take up the sport. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running by Haruki Murakami is probably most interesting to the readerly set because this esteemed author jumps headlong into the running and writing parts of his life. A  collection of essays and memories, the author examines his  mutual obsessions and wraps in his early journalist work, his first marathon, and other noteworthy milestones. Run the World: My 3,500 Mile Journey Through Running Cultures Around the Globe by Becky Wade is an eye-opener. It is far too easy to oversimplify running and running culture down to put one foot in front of the other. Approaches to running and communities of runners  differ wildly around the world. Wade, an elite athlete and fellowship recipient, traveled for a year after her graduation from Rice University to experience running life in 9 countries, with 72 host families, and she logged  over 3,500 miles of her own running. For newbies or seasoned athletes, this book is a thrill. Even as a rookie, I was able to incorporate some new tactics into my own training, and I learned about notable  athletes  from all over the world, some of whom will soon compete in the  Rio Olympics. Running the Rift by Naomi Benaron is for those with an appetite for novels.  The winner of the Bellwether Prize for Socially Engaged Fiction, this is not always a feel-good book. It is powerful, brutal, and contemplative. Jean Patrick Nkuba loves racing his brother from the time they are children, and as he grows up he begins to realize his Olympic dream in track and field. A number of hardships bar his way, from the death of his father to the growing unrest between the Hutu and Tutsi  peoples of Rwanda. Jean Patricks fate hangs in the balance as the genocide plays out before his eyes sweeping him into an uncertain future. How Bad Do You Want It: Mastering the Psychology of Mind Over Muscle by Matt Fitzgerald is at the tippy-top of my wishlist. Fitzgerald is a seasoned endurance sports journalist who has authored more than 20 books. In  How Bad Do You Want It he  examines more than 20 pivotal races in a variety of sports (running, cycling, triathalon, etc.) and the key role  of mental fitness in athletic success. In my own limited running experience, Ive found the mental struggle to be the most enduring problem, so perhaps this book can help along the way.

How Effective is the Opening Chapter in Charles Dickens...

During his early childhood Charles Dickens travelled Great Britain due to his father’s job. H lived in mainly coastal towns as his father was a naval clerk and therefore became familiar with the scenes reflected in Great Expectations. Dickens has used memorable scenes and characters from his childhood; the marshes representing one of his youth time homes and many of the characters being written in the reflections of family members. Great Expectations seems to have been produced using the memories of Dickens’ life. When he was younger his whole family was imprisoned for debt except for Charles; he was old enough to get a job in a blacking factory. Pip may be an image of Dickens because he too was left by his family as they all passed away†¦show more content†¦When Magwitch threatens him he starts to plead â€Å"in terror†. His dialogue is pleading and he â€Å"prays†. This makes it seem as though in times of desperation, Pip’s faith is still strong. This is representative of the time as most people were God-fearing and regularly attended church. Sympathy soon develops for Pip because he has this intimidating man bearing down upon him, threatening to eat him. The sympathy soon turns into empathy because Pip describes himself as â€Å"undersized† and â€Å"not strong†. These two adjectives make Pip appear even more at risk than before. Although Pip may be scared he is still able to negotiate with Magwitch. This may show great maturity on Pip’s behalf because he is not so frightened that he is unable to think straight. This developed attitude is displayed when Magwitch is threatening Pip. Pip specifically says â€Å"If you would let me sit straight†¦perhaps I could attend more†. This shows great braveness because Pip has negotiated with Magwitch instead of showing fear. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Even though Magwitch is hostile towards Pip, Pip is still as respectful as he would be towards other adults. He continues to call him â€Å"Sir† all the time that Magwitch is bullying him. This shows that even though Pip shows maturity he may still be scared. This shows that he is still childlike. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;His childish attitude is again displayed when he is threatened with the young man. This shows childishness because it seemsShow MoreRelated Attitudes toward Victorian Society in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens1156 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Expectations Explore some of the ways in which Dickens’ attitudes to Victorian society are presented in the opening chapter of Great Expectations. For this essay I will be focusing on the opening chapters of Great Expectations, a novel written by Charles Dickens. I am going to consider the Victorian society at the time and dickens’ use of language to express themes, settings and characters. Charles Dickens wrote this story in the Victorian times. 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Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly r eadableRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesto any number of high-tech enterprises. Seeing the problem externalized in print has a sort of redemptive effect on people who have fallen prey to it in the past—it wasn’t all my fault! Moreover, like a good book on golf, its prescriptions give great hope that just by making this or that minor adjustment perfect results are bound to follow— this time we’ll make it work! And so any number of people cheerfully have told me that the book has become the Bible in their company. So much for the spiritual

The Taj Mahal A Tale Of A Romantic Love Story Behind It...

Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal is known largely as one of the most famous and beloved structures in India with a tale of a romantic love story behind it. The magnificent structure is located in Agra, India along the bank of the Yamuna River. Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal in 1632 for his beloved late wife Mumtaz Mahal meaning â€Å" Beloved Ornament of the palace† (TajMahal). Mumtaz also known as Arjumand Banu Begum Was born in April 1593 to Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, her father who was a Persian noble (TajMahal). She was betrothed the Prince Khurram in 1607 and was married five years later in 1612 at the age of 19, becoming his third wife. Khurram became Emperor after a combination of military conquests and adroit politicking in 1628; he was the fifth Emperor of the Mughal Dynasty (Pg. 7, J. Harasta). Following their wedding he gave her the title â€Å"Mumtaz Mahal† which means, â€Å"Chosen one of the palace† in Persian (Pg.7, J. Harasta). Emperor Shah had 5 other wives besides Mumtaz, but she was the one he was closest to. The couple had 14 children together; some had died at birth or only lived to be two years old and then some becoming the future rulers over the Empire in events of overthrowing their father. The two had a close and loving relationship so much so that she would travel with him on any expeditions or military Campaign that was required of him and was free to partake in her favorite hobbies; she had a love for architecture and her favorite place was the Riverside

Vocal awareness Free Essays

Language and vocal awareness Language Is a key element to be explored In drama. An Important characteristic of dramatic language Is the way it indicates the mood of a scene. It does this, by Incorporating stage directions Into the dialogue. We will write a custom essay sample on Vocal awareness or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can often tell the mood of a character by the language that is used. For example the repetitions of the noun ‘Laurence’ suggest that Beverly was annoyed with the fact that Laurence wasn’t doing what she asked him to do. The way in which a play is written can inform us of the time period, the setting and it also helps to give each individual character an identity. Dramatic language is also able to indicate how actors should be grouped together upon the stage, for example the character of Beverly as a host of the dinner party she has to be up and serving drinks to make sure her guests are comfortable and satisfied. Altogether language helps the actors/actress to convey a naturalistic performance. The technique I found particularly useful when exploring my character has been language. This technique really developed my characterization as well as improved my knowledge and understanding of my character Beverly as she uses a range variety of punctuation. An example of this Is with the rhetorical question ‘dya know what I mean’ this may suggest that Beverly Is the sort of person that Ilkes to be understood. Secondly, Beverly also uses a lot of question marks: ‘Dya get something to eat? ‘Dya get those larger? as the play was written in 1977 and the traditional role of women’s changed in the 1 920’s can suggest that Beverly abuses the freedom of not having to follow the traditional role of a women (cook and clean and providing) although she doesn’t work but she still doesn’t cook (that’s why Laurence eats a lot of fast-food). We used an exercise in class where we walked around the room reading our monologues aloud and when we got to a punctuation marking such as a full stop or question mark we had to turn 90 degrees and then carry on. This told us where all the breaks where In the monologue and by doing this helped us get a better understanding of where the tension was In the piece. For example my character was Beverly; she’s a very demanding character so the first scene starts off with lots of explanation marks: ‘Laurence! ‘ ‘No! this tells me that my character is quite angry and he tension would be high in this part of the monologue. As we continuously repeated this exercise which included the turning around and round (bearing in mind Beverly is the host of the party so she has to do a lot of talking, this was a disadvantage for me) which made me feel dizzy and as if the room was spinning around. This was relevant to my role because the whole dizzy effect can be used to portray a naturalistic performance as In the play Beverly drinks a lot so the dizziness can be a result of the alcohol. This can change her use in language as she is drunk. Vocal Awareness using my monologue piece I had to vocalise the vowels the consonants and the consonant only. My character was Beverly, I had to read act 1 scene 1 on all of Beverlys line reading only the consonant without pronouncing the vowels. This exercise seemed a bit weird at first as but I then realised that the character of demanding as she’s always asking him to do things and she’s always nagging constantly, she doesn’t keep to the rural traditional wife law of having children, cooking and cleaning and expect Laurence to always eat takeaway and ‘pizza’. This technique really helped me to learn more about my character also using this technique helped me noticed that my character uses a lot of â€Å"Irnc† which kind of sounds like the word ‘drink this is significant as in the play Beverly continuously offers her guests drink Sue in particular as she declined most time but was forced by Beverly to have some more this also links with Beverleys super objective which is to keep her guest occupied and comfortable by offering them drinks as her way of being a good host as she’s always trying to make a good impression. How to cite Vocal awareness, Papers

The Arms Industry and International Security

Around the world, and across all societies, modern armed conflicts include the use of modern weaponry especially the small arms. The small arms are a class of small firearms that are cheap and available to most participants of armed conflict.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Arms Industry and International Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The pricing of fire arms particularly from Asian manufacturers makes them available to all people at war. In addition, the presence of unscrupulous arms dealers in who sell firearms in unconventional ways has led to acquisition of guns by groups that have little control over the use of the arms (Cukier et al 22). Arms manufacturers and dealers may promote security of nations by selling firearms to countries with stable governments. The arms ensure stability of the government and prevent minority revolts from perpetrating chaos and anarchy in an otherwise peaceful env ironment. However, a dilemma emerges where the governments of peaceful regions do not record any significant use of the firearms. In this case, the firearms in possession of the government do not wear out or get lost in any military confrontation. The governments then cease to be viable customers of the arms industry (Deng and Zartman 31). Under enormous pressure to flourish, the arms manufacturers and traders turn to conflict zones for promising arms market. It is, however, arguable whether the arms trade fuels the ferocity of a conflict which has already started. The world has known conflict in the whole history of mankind. Wars and barbarian character of the people involved in armed conflicts existed even before the invention of firearms. In this regard, there is a possibility that the modern firearms trade has increased the mortality rate or the economic deterioration that come about with every major armed conflict (Diamond 43). In addition, the modern arms can be considered sim ilar to the firearms of the past in that they cause the same effect in the wars they are used in. The modern firearms are obviously more deadly that the weapons that were used in past warfare and their use inevitably leads to more grave consequences. However, the desire of human beings to wage wars and propagate armed conflicts has been present in the society throughout history, and has only subsided in the modern times due to adoption of new age ideologies of coexistence and the value of peace and human life (Spitzer 30).Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from repercussions of armed territorial conflict, another problem directly linked to the arms industry is the internal insecurity. The availability of small arms to petty criminals and organized criminal gangs has ensured their survival and ability to endure the adversity of the security forces. The bigger percentage of the local crime in most countries involving fatal assaults includes the use of a firearm from a prominent gun manufacturer (UNIDIR 16). Moreover, the larger percentage of the guns present in the civilian population is channeled to the user through irresponsible arms dealers. Arms dealers and the arms manufacturing industry, thus, play a critical role in propagation of violence and the variety of problems that afflict the world security (Stohl and Grillot 25). The governments’ failure to control the activities of arms dealers continues to fuel conflicts and propagate brutal dictatorial rule in developing countries particularly in Africa. Relatively new arms manufacturers especially in South Africa and Egypt sell arms to undocumented users within the continent affected by a myriad of armed conflicts the arms trade is a necessary component for survival of legal governments, but the designated end user of all guns sold determines the ability of rogue individuals and groups to per petrate unnecessary violence. The moral and political aspect of arms industry can be analyzed from several perspectives. The arms business is a lucrative venture for some of the developed countries in the west. These countries sell arms to the less developed countries with a unstable political environment without considering the serious security problems that these weapons pose. On the contrary, the developed countries concentrate on proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, which could pose a danger to their own security. Currently, the weapons of mass destruction pose less significant danger to civilian life since their application and effects are not of any important political significance. The results of application of such weapons are likely to be massive destruction with no political gain. People with greed for power use small arms to facilitate their ends. In accumulation of firearms in a country with questionable, political integrity is likely to cause a grave humanitari an crises in case of the collapse of the prevailing government. Moreover, arms industries are located in developed countries in the west and the Far East and have a capability of controlling the arms trade. A paradox emerges where these countries export weaponry including military aircraft and naval war equipment to war torn regions while the domestic applications of these weapons are nil.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Arms Industry and International Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The control of the trade in conventional arms is difficult to establish since the weaponry is usually accepted standard weaponry that is necessary for national security unlike the weapons of mass destruction that can only be used for destruction. The purchase of arms to ensure national security is given priority over the more important domestic security for the civilian population. Increased arms trade has always resul ted into grossly adverse humanitarian conditions (Maze et al. 7). Recently, the arms manufacturing and trade have been shifted from the control of the authorities to private entrepreneurs. The capitalist policies the entrepreneurs thrive on compel them to sell their weaponry to any willing buyer of the product. The arms dealer does not make a consideration of the effects of the weapons in the societies where the weapons are going to be used. To worsen the security situation, some governments have offered credit facilities to arms dealers to expand their trade. In addition, the government controlled the trade, such that the end user of the weapons was determined under the influence of the authorities. In this essence, the government of the purchasing nations and the selling nations was promoting arms proliferation for use in armed conflicts. The armed conflicts obviously degenerated to poor security and grave humanitarian crises. Since arms trade is an important aspect of security si tuations in many countries, the government is usually a major player in the manufacturing and sale of weapons. In Africa, which is the continent that is affected by most of the arms trade, there are few manufacturers of arms who are concentrated in South Africa. Small arms industries in Africa differ with similar setups in the rest of the world. To avoid the risk of small arms getting into the hands of illegal groups and criminals, and people with malicious intent, the governments of the concerned countries closely monitor the arms industry in African countries. The chances that a weapon manufactured in Africa got into the hands of criminals are very slim. Most illegal guns in Africa have been manufactures in other continents, and are channeled to the market through illegal trade. Some of local gunsmiths in areas affected by armed conflicts produce guns without any license. The illegal manufacturers are capable of producing guns of an industrial standard. Armed militia and criminals acquire the guns through illegal trade with the manufacturers. Smuggling of firearms across borders by illegal traders is also common in many parts of Africa (Dizard and Andrews 27).Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The end of the major world conflicts such as the World War and the Cold War marked the beginning of smaller kind of conflicts that relied on small arms. It is during this period that the developed nations have exported large numbers of weapons to the poorer states without minding the conflict that these weapons fuel. Wars provide a period of intense manufacturing by gun industries but do not necessarily mean more profit for the gun manufacturers. However, most of conflicts around the world have been preceded by accumulation of armaments, which obviously come from the arms manufacturers. Governments constantly support the arms industry in order to develop more sophisticated weaponry, and this indirectly fuels conflicts around the world (Malcom 28). In addition, developed countries have offered arms deals to less equipped countries in orders to obtain political favors such the consent to put up military bases in the said countries. The arms provided to the countries cannot be effectiv ely monitored to ensure that they are not used in any unconventional manner that causes unnecessary breach of security. The sale of arms has gradually shifted to the developing nations due to increasing conflict in those countries. Combined social, economic, and political pressure in these countries has often led to armed conflicts. Moreover, the presence of a large number of weapons and ammunition has also fuelled armed conflicts for a protracted period. Proliferation of arms by the third world countries was encouraged by the Cold War largely. The communist countries supplied a great deal of arms to their spheres of influence while the western capitalist countries supplied weapons to the third world countries that embraced the capitalist ideology. This competition fuelled wars especially in Vietnam, Angola and Korea (â€Å"Small arms survey 2006† 14). The shipment of weapons to the countries was because of the intent of the leaders of the western block and the eastern block to influence the outcome of the war without committing any military personnel to the conflict. In the late twentieth century, the world superpowers manufactured and sold weapons to the countries of the Far East and Asia in a bid to gain control of the oil producing nations of the continent. The two leading antagonists in the Cold War armed the fighting factions in the Arab world in order to gain control the oil producing regions of the continent. A sudden end of the Cold War had also other adverse effects concerning the arms trade. Stockpiles of weapons that the Soviet Union had accumulated in anticipation of a major confrontation with the United States were now useless (Forsberg 20). The Russians sold the arms to any buyer at any price to recover the money spent on arms during the cold war. The influx of weapons into these countries resulted into periods of high insecurity as opposing factions in the recipient states fought one another in a bid to control mainly the oil reserves in their territories. In the twenty first century, the purchase of weapons by the third world powers declined as the ideological influence that had been fuelling conflict subsided (Kafi 17). One can make an analysis of the history of firearm trade and manufacturing and conclude that several factor contributed to the proliferation of weapons in areas of conflict. Most of the reasons for proliferation of the firearms have been economic ends. A symbiotic relationship exists between the manufacturing and sale of weapons, and the state of insecurity and war. Where the weapons have been used in full-blown warfare, the manufacturing and sale of weapons seem to play a minor role in propagation of the war. In other words, the war seems to draw the arms dealers into lucrative a trade that the arms dealers cannot ignore (Malcom 18). One can make a conclusion that the manufacture of weapons does not necessarily mean occurrence of an armed conflict in the areas in which these weapons are used. It has been seen that most of the purchases of the weapons by states with stable governments are intended for maintenance of peace and guarding of the sovereignty of the country. However, the accumulation of weapons leads to a protracted military confrontation in case of a future crisis. Desire by some countries to gain economic advantage pushed them to selling weapons to states that had questionable political integrity without investigating or ensuring that the weapons were to be used for an appropriate cause (Malcom 2002). Another observation is most of the weapon’s manufacture that occurred in the twentieth century was initiated and financed by the antagonistic world powers fighting for superiority of their economic, social and political ideologies. The phenomenon is manifested in the conflicts that occurred in the third world countries in the height of the cold war. The supply of the weapons used in conflicts was not a result of the demand by the conflict, but the protracted conflicts were a result of the supply of free arms supplied by the influential western and eastern superpowers (Brennan 9). Another observation indicates that the manufacture and sale of weapons influence the state of domestic security. Manufacture and sale of more weapons result in heightened domestic insecurity. This is because the proliferation of weapons by civilians leads to higher tendency to commit crime (World Council of Churches 2001). Furthermore, acquisition of the firearms by civilians occurs because of thee irresponsibility of the manufacturing companies when handling sales of the weapons. Privatization of the arms industry has increased competition for market making competitor weapons manufacturers result in rogue means of gaining advantage in the market (Hughes and Lai 10). Due to the sophisticated nature of criminal and villain activity, it is not possible to cease manufacture and sale of firearms or weapons. Accumulation of a reasonable amount of weapons keeps the world powers in balance and, thus, a minimum amount of weaponry has to be maintained for the sake of sovereignty. In this regard, if measures are taken to ensure that the weapons manufacturers sell their weapons through proper secure channels, the case of insecurity due to the activities of the arms industry can be contained (Gerdes 15). Although the arms industry is primarily a business venture, it comes with a responsibility to control the identity of the end user of their products, as they are lethal commodities. In addition, the government should control the industry to rein capitalistic tendencies from overtaking the responsibility of the arms industry to be mindful of the nature of the market for their weapons. The arms industry cannot be categorized as normal business enterprise subject to the market forces alone, since their goods need a high degree of accountability (Laurance 24). It is disputable that firearms are a product in high demand. However, this demand has to be sa tisfied partially for the sake of peace and security. If the weapons manufacturers seek to satisfy every person’s needs, then, anarchy, violence and general insecurity is likely to prevail in the world. In conclusion, arms, in whatever form, generally contribute to insecurity in the world. If arms were not presented at all in the society, then violence would be much less scale and peace would prevail (Madariaga 32). The other conclusion is that arms are not a normal commodity subject to normal mechanisms of the market and, thus, their sale must be governed by special rules. Works Cited Brennan, Sean. Treaty. Annandale. N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2005. Print. Cukier, Wendy, and Victor W. Sidel. The global gun epidemic: from Saturday night specials to AK-47s. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International, 2006. Print. Deng, Francis Mading, and I. William Zartman. Conflict resolution in Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1991. Print. Diamond, Jared M.. Guns, germs , and steel: the fates of human societies. NY: W.W. Norton Co., 1999. Print. Dizard, Jan E., Robert M. Muth, and Stephen P. Andrews. Guns in America: a reader. NY: New York University Press, 1999. Print. Forsberg, Randall. The arms production dilemma. Cambridge (Mass.): the MIT press, 1994. Print. Gerdes, Louise I. Gun violence: opposing viewpoints. Framington Hills, Mich.: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Print. Hughes, Christopher W., and Yew Meng Lai. Security studies: a reader. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. Kafi, Sharif A. Illegal small arms and human insecurity in Bangladesh. 2nd ed. Dhaka: Bangladesh Development Partnership Centre, 2005. Print. Laurance, Edward J.. The international arms trade. New York: Lexington Books, 1992. Print. Madariaga, Salvador de. Disarmament. NY: Coward-McCann, inc., 1929. Print. Malcolm, Joyce Lee. Guns and violence: the English experience. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. Print. Maze, Kerry, and Sarah Parker. International assistance fo r implementing the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects: findings of a global survey. New York: United Nations, 2006. Print. World Council of Churches. ‘Report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects’, 2001, p. 3879. Small Arms Survey. Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished business. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Spitzer, Robert J. The politics of gun control. 2nd ed. NY: Chatham House Publishers, 1998. Print. Stohl, Rachel J., and Suzette Grillot. The international arms trade. Cambridge: Polity, 2009. Print. UNIDIR, UN. European action on small arms and light weapons and explosive remnants of war: final report. Geneva: UN, UNIDIR, 2006. Print. This essay on The Arms Industry and International Security was written and submitted by user Shaniya O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analytical Essay Sample on Frederick Douglass

Analytical Essay Sample on Frederick Douglass â€Å"Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!† Patrick Henry, although dead before Frederick Douglass was ever born, used his words and poetically described Douglass’ life. Originally known as Frederick Bailey, he was born into slavery but lived to become Frederick Douglass and accomplish an impressive legacy. His childhood was filled with only awful memories of cruelty and inhumanity. When Frederick had learned of the significance of literacy, he educated himself and immediately planned an escape to success. He became one of the most prominent African American of the nineteenth century who represented the black minority as a successful orator, journalist, and anti-slavery leader. As a young man, he deviously escaped slavery and headed north toward freedom, or at least the closest thing to freedom for men of colo r at that time. He spoke to many people in this area, instilling the importance of eradicating human bondage. While living in the New England area, he became a great author, writing many articles for local newspapers and even composing three versions of his autobiography. During this time in his life, Mr. Douglass also campaigned for the elimination of slavery and civil rights for minorities. He became an inspiration to all and held governmental positions as he persistently worked for constitutional rights throughout his entire life. Frederick Douglass’s arduous past led to his successful influence on the abolition of slavery and effort to end racial discrimination. Frederick Douglass was born Frederick Augustus Bailey in Tuckahoe, Maryland (3, 15). He was unaware of his exact age, for he never saw any authentic records containing it (6). Supposedly his birth was around February 1818, but since many of the slaves and other siblings he grew up with had no accurate knowledge of their own age, the fact was left a mystery for his entire life (6). Several slave masters prevented the distribution of slaves’ birth dates and obstructed the ability to visit their parents as an effort to keep them ignorant and stripped from individuality (3, 25). Even if he tried, Frederick would not have been able to visit his father because he had no idea who he was (3, 26). It was known that his father was white and many rumors led Douglass to believe that he was his mother’s master, but nothing was ever certain (3, 26). However, Frederick was fully aware of who his mother was, but, unfortunately they were separated when he was an infant and were only abl e to see each other approximately five times during his childhood (3, 25). Due to this occurrence, Frederick strongly felt that â€Å"slavery made his mother a myth and his father a mystery† (6). Douglass, therefore, lived with his grandmother, Betsey Bailey until he was old enough to work (6). During this time Douglass was raised to believe that he was a special individual and was completely naÐ ¿ve to the fact that he was born a slave. Ms. Bailey repeatedly tried to instill a feeling of self-worth into her grandson by verbally reinforcing his strengths. Frederick Douglass finally reached the age when he could no longer be sheltered from the future that he was destined. At the age of six, Frederick’s grandmother had told him that they were taking a long journey, when in actuality she was bringing him into the world of slavery (8, 1). After many days of traveling westward, they approached an enormous elegant home, the Lloyd Plantation, where several children were playing on the front grounds. Ms. Bailey pointed out three of the children whom were Frederick’s brother and sisters and instructed Douglass to join his siblings (8, 1). Within five minutes of this command, his grandmother was gone along with his freedom; he now belonged to Aaron Anthony (6). At this time, Mr. Anthony was not considered a rich slaveholder, he owned only two or three farms, but still needed the help of an overseer, Mr. Plummer, to manage his plantations (2, 151). Plummer was most notable for his inhumane treatment of Anthony’s slaves (2, 1 51). Douglass recalls being awaked in the middle of the night by the high pitched shrieks of his own aunt, whom Plummer used to tie up to a pole, and whip her naked back until she was literally drenched in her own blood (2, 152). â€Å"No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. The louder she screamed, the harder he whipped; and where the blood ran fastest, there he whipped the longest. He would whip her to make her scream, and whip her to make her hush; and not until overcome by fatigue, would he cease to swing the blood-clotted cow skin.†(2, 152) It was at this point Frederick reassessed his position in life and realized he could no longer work under this cruel individual and decided he would do whatever he could to get out of this terrible situation. Douglass used his natural charm and tactfulness, which many people found engaging, to become noticed and stand out from the rest of the slaves. Aaron Anthony’s daughter, Lucretia Auld, was immediately drawn to these unique characteristics and took a liking to Frederick, doing whatever was within her power to protect him (8, 2). In 1826, she informed him that he was being sent to live with her brother-in-law, Hugh Auld, to run errands and care for his infant son, Tommy (2, 168). Frederick enjoyed this easy work and grew to love the young boy (8, 2). Sophia Auld, Tommy’s mother, would frequently read aloud from the Bible and Douglass would often listen, extremely intrigued. One day, when Frederick was about ten-years-old, he asked his mistress to teach him to read and she readily consented (6). Sophia became so excited about how well the young slave was doing, she told her husband what she had done (8, 2). Hugh became enraged. It was prohibited by the state to teach a sla ve to read and felt a slave was considered â€Å"unfit† if he was competent and literate (8, 2). Mr. Auld instructed Sophia to cease the lessons immediately, but this restriction failed to hinder Frederick by any means. It was from this outburst of disapproval from his master that Frederick discovered that learning how to read and write was his pathway to freedom. Douglass adopted a plan to make friends with poor white children he met on errands and use them as teachers (2, 206). He would pay for these â€Å"lessons† with pieces of bread taken from the Auld household (8, 2). This strategy was proved to be successful by its positive results; Mr. Douglass gradually obtained the knowledge to read (2, 208). At the age of twelve, he used the little money he had earned from doing tedious errands and bought a copy of The Columbian Orator (6). This piece of literature contained a collection of speeches and essays dealing with liberty, democracy, and courage (6). Frederick was greatly affected by the speeches on freedom and began reading local newspapers to learn more about abolitionism (8, 2). His dreams of emancipation were encouraged by the example of other blacks in Baltimore, most of who were free (8, 2). However, Douglass’s imaginings were delayed because of new laws passed by southern state legislatures that made it extremely diffi cult for owners to free their slaves (8, 2). Frederick’s dreams of his own freedom and civil rights for all seemed to be put on hold. Nevertheless, Frederick would not let these new regulations impede his primary goal of attaining independence. He began to organize a Sunday religious service for slaves, which met near Saint Michael’s church every week (8, 3). It was at these congregations that blacks were schooled and plans were made for an escape to the North (6). The group planned to steal a boat, row to the northern tip of the Chesapeake Bay and flee on foot to the free state of Pennsylvania (8, 3). Unfortunately, one of Frederick’s associates had exposed the plot and a group of armed white men captured the slaves and put them in jail (8, 3). Douglass was imprisoned for about a week, when surprisingly, Thomas Auld came and released him (6). Auld promised Frederick that if he worked hard, he would be freed when he turned twenty-five, but Douglass knew better than to trust any slaveholder (8, 4). While working for Thomas, Douglass met a group of free sophisticated blacks and became a member of an edu cational association called the East Baltimore Mental Improvement Society (8, 4). It was within this party that Frederick learned his debating skills and met his future wife, Anna Murray (8, 4). After spending so much time with this assembly of free individuals, Douglass’s need for freedom was enhanced. Frederick Douglass needed money to pay for traveling expenses, so he finally made a proposition to Mr. Auld, whom eventually accepted reluctantly. Mr. Douglass was given the privilege of being able to work for extra money during his free time in addition to his obligations to Mr. Auld. Frederick was to take care of his own room and board and pay his master a set amount each week, keeping any extra money for himself (2, 212). Sadly, he forgot to pay Thomas Auld on time and, as a result, Auld was furious and revoked his hiring-out privilege (8, 4). Frederick, enraged, refused to work for a week and during this time he decided that on September 2, 1838, he would be on a train heading to the North (8, 4). A friend gave him â€Å"sailor’s protection†, a document that certified that the person named on it was a free seaman (8, 4). Also, he borrowed money from Anna and bought a ticked to Philadelphia; he was on his way to freedom (8, 4). On September 4, Frederick arrived in Ne w York City and officially left his life of slavery. However, Douglass was not considered completely emancipated by the many slave catchers residing in the North (6). Douglass’s decision to become pro-active and leave Auld was extremely important and served as a colossal turning point in Douglass’s life. â€Å"A new world had opened upon me.† (6) Within this new world, Frederick Bailey became Frederick Douglass (8, 6). He borrowed this name from a character in a book he was reading at the time as an effort to avoid being captured (5). One of the first actions Frederick took with his newfound identity was to subscribe to the Liberator, a newspaper edited by William Lloyd Garrison, a famous outspoken leader of the American Anti- Slavery Society (5). Inspired by Garrison’s paper, Douglass became involved in the abolitionist movement and regularly attended lectures for the AASS (5). He also served as a preacher at the black Zion Methodist Church where Mr. Douglass became involved in a battle against white southerners who forced blacks to move to Africa (8, 6). In 1839, he encountered one of his first experiences as a writer when a collection of his anti-colonization statements was published in the Liberator (8, 6). Although these beginning accomplishments may seem minor, th ey opened the doors to his future greatness. In August 1841, he saw his hero, William Garrison for the first time (8, 7). A few days later, Garrison was attending a speech that Douglass was giving before a small crowd, immediately saw his potential as a speaker and hired him to be an agent for AASS (8, 7). His job entailed talking about his past and selling subscriptions to the Liberator and the Anti-Slavery Standard (8, 7). His first speeches were about his personal encounters with slavery and descriptions of the slave masters’ brutality (5). Pro-slavery propaganda circulated from the South to the North, giving false impressions of what slavery was truly like; Frederick’s experiences were exactly what the people wanted and needed to hear at the time (5). Prior to his recounts of his own life as a slave, many people in the North believed fictitious stories that slaves lived better lives than poor whites and that slaveholders were harassed by mobs led by abolitionists (8, 7). Frederick’s lectures were circul ated throughout Massachusetts and immediately became a success (6). The Herald of Freedom a local newspaper in Concord, Massachusetts declared, â€Å"As a speaker, he has few equals.† (8, 7) After a few months of his local lectures, he became so popular that he was in demand to spread his words throughout the entire New England area. Traveling throughout the northern region made Frederick Douglass evolve as a speaker as well as a writer. In 1842 he was asked to continue his work and voyage throughout Massachusetts and New York with William Lloyd Garrison in addition to other prominent speakers (8, 8). A year later, Douglass decided to participate in the Hundred Conventions project, the AASS six-month lecture tour of speakers traveling to meeting halls throughout the west (8, 8). Although Frederick enjoyed this work thoroughly, he found it very demanding and time consuming. He was forced to live in poor segregated accommodations while traveling and was roughly handled when he refused to sit in the â€Å"Negro† sections of trains and steamships (8, 8). In addition, many of the meetings in the western states were often disrupted by pro-slavery mobs (6). While on tour, Frederick Douglass had reached opposition from many abolitionists who thought his ability as an orator was growing too fast and audiences were no longer sympathetic towards him (8, 8). They felt he should keep talking about his life as a slave rather than the goals of the anti-slavery movement (5). Douglass refused and much of his audience began to believe that his stories were false (5). The Liberator even printed â€Å"How a man, only six years out of bondage and who had never gone to school could speak with such eloquence- with such precision of language and power of thought- they were utterly at a loss to devise.† Despite these hardships, Douglass continued his writing and was sure he found his purpose in life; he was to make everyone aware of the importance of equality and an individual’s civil rights. It was all the animosity towards Frederick Douglass that motivated him to ignore what people thought and persevere with what he felt was right. With this thought in mind, Douglass spent the winter of 1844 to 1845 writing and publishing his life story (6). Despite the risk, he took the chances of using actual names of people and places connected with his years in slavery (8, 8). Wendell Philips, friend and fellow abolitionist leader, suggested that Frederick dispose of the manuscript and warned him that people from the past would attempt to return him to a life of bondage (8, 8). However, Frederick was determined to have his stories printed, despite the possibility of slave catchers pursuing; the world needed to hear his story (8, 8). By May 1845, over 5,000 copies of the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave were sold (6). The book immediately became a best seller due to its moral force; it was the story of a man’s dignity, courage, independence, and p ath self-discovery. Despite his instantaneous fame, federal laws still gave Thomas Auld the right to seize his property- Frederick Bailey (8, 8). To protect his freedom, Douglass rightly felt the need to leave the United States for some time. During the summer of 1845, Douglass decided to fulfill a dream he had long held, to travel throughout England (5). Even though he was forced to stay in the steerage, second-class, during his trip overseas he was extremely excited to finally go to Britain (8, 9). While on board, he had made many friends and was even asked by the captain to give lectures on slavery (8, 9). When he finally reached Europe, Frederick felt free from prejudice. He was treated as a man, as opposed to a second-class citizen, and was welcomed into homes, hotels, and restaurants (8, 9). Fleeing America during this time not only saved him from slave catchers, the expedition also gave him the opportunity to speak to English audiences and gain their support for the American anti-slavery movement. Douglass wrote Garrison to inform him how he had encountered such little racial prejudices among the British and invited Lloyd to join him in the beautiful nation (8, 9). Garrison accepted and the two men traveled around England as a powerful team of anti-slavery lecturers (5). Both became involved in campaigns against the discrimination of minorities and promoted constitutional rights (8, 9). In August of 1846, Douglass gave the most controversial speech of his career at the World Temperance Convention held in London (1, 65). Within this oration, he attacked the American temperance movement because it failed to criticize slave owners who used alcohol to pacify their workers and because temperance activists were hostile to free blacks (1, 65). Douglass was tremendously satisfied with the outcome of his trip to England and was soon ready to go home. Even though he was ready return to America, recapture still remained a possibility for him if and when he came back. Fortunately, this problem was resolved when unknowingly; two English friends raised enough money to buy his freedom (6). $710.96 was sent to the Auld family and on December 5, 1846; Hugh Auld signed the papers that declared Frederick Bailey a free man (5). In the spring of 1847, Douglass returned to America, where his work remained to free his people in bondage. Frederick Douglass had left the United States, a national success as a writer and lecturer, but returned as a sensation worldwide. Alas, upon his homecoming, many abolitionists felt that Hugh Auld’s payment for Douglass’s freedom supported Auld’s right to own him (8, 10). Douglass argued that his freedom was the gift of friends and that he saw Hugh as his kidnapper, not his master. The ransom had been paid; he could now fight the battle against slavery with a free mind (8, 10). His chains were broken and the opportunity to help others was finally in sight. With additional funds raised by his supporters in Britain, Douglass decided to create a new abolitionist newspaper (1, 80). Garrison was opposed to this idea because he felt the people needed Douglass as a lecturer rather than the creator of another anti-slavery newspaper (8, 10). Due to Frederick’s high regard and respect for Garrison, he took this suggestion in consideration and in August 1847, joined Lloyd on a lecture tour throughout the North (8, 10). Sadly, Garrison became seriously ill and Douglass was forced to continue the tour without him. Upon completion of the tour, he continued with his aspirations of creating the abolitionist paper. Frederick decided to publish it in Rochester New York, further west than the home of the Liberator. On December 3, 1847 his weekly newspaper, the North Star was finally born (1, 80). At first, habitants of Rochester were upset to see another anti-slavery paper, but eventually the city took pride in being the home of the North Star. Unfortunately, the glowing reviews were not equal to the money needed for the production of the paper and Douglass had to depend on his own savings and contributions from friends to keep the paper going (5). He was driven back to the world of lecturing in an attempt to raise efficient funds for the North Star. The cash earned continued the publication of the newspaper as a weekly until 1860 and as a monthly for three more years (5). After 1851, the paper was referred to as Frederick Douglass’s Paper and served as a symbol of the potential for blacks to achieve whatever goals they may set for themselves (1, 82). The newspaper changed its focus from promoting the elimination of slavery to highlighting the success by prominent black figures in American society (1, 82). Frederick Douglass’s Paper had a much more significant personal effect on Frederick himself; the paper marked the end of his dependence on Garrison and other white abolitionists. By the end of the 1840’s, Frederick Douglass was well on his way to becoming the most famous and respected black leader in the country. He had proved himself to be an independent thinker and courageous spokesman for black liberty and equality. Douglass tried to establish a black vocational school by asking many famous people for financial aid, but was unsuccessful because he was unable to raise sufficient funds to start the school (1, 97). Rochester, his hometown, contained public schools that would not admit black students and Frederick was forced to send his eldest daughter to a private school, which promoted segregation (1, 97). The separation motivated Douglass to campaign against segregation in Rochester’s school system, and in 1857 his efforts to integrate the schools succeeded (6). Frederick also became an active partisan in the Underground Railroad as the superintendent of the entire system in his area (8, 12). His home became an important station on the railroa d and a shelter to hundreds of fugitives (7, 12). His participation in the school systems and the Underground Railroad led to the involvement in many other events that would not only affect the present, but the entire future of the country. The next major proceedings that would serve as challenges to Douglass and his followers involved the civil war and the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Douglass was a crucial supporter of Abraham Lincoln as he was running, and won, the presidency (3, 110). Lincoln’s inaugural speech however, was somewhat disappointing to Frederick. Contained in the address, the President promised to uphold the fugitive slave laws and not interfere with slavery in the states where it was already established (5). Soon after, the Civil War began. For Douglass and the abolitionists, the war had a different and more significant meaning; it was a battle to end slavery (3, 119). They had the two following major goals in mind: emancipation for all slaves in the Confederacy and the Union Border States, and the right for blacks to enlist in the armies of the North (3, 121). As the war went on, more and more people in the North became influenced by Frederick’s speeches and were able to empathize wit h his point of view. He used his words powerfully until, not only the northerners, but the President as well came to agreement with his goals. On December 31, 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a speech that freed all slaves in areas not held by the Union troops (6). Simultaneously, there were many other changes taking place. During this time in history, the black man was still not allowed to defend himself within the military. Douglass began to instill the importance of belonging to the United States army to blacks and promoted their inclusion among the whites. He had gained the support of enough of the population to make an impact. Finally, in 1863, as a result of Frederick Douglass’s actions, Congress had authorized black enlistment in the Union army (8, 15). Frederick was asked to help recruit black soldiers, including his two sons, into the Massachusetts 54th Regime, the first group ever to contain black militia (6). He immediately agreed and began promoting through speeches and newspaper advertisements (5). Frederick promised equality in the Union army, but this soon proved to be false. Blacks were paid half of what the white soldiers earned, received inferior weapons, inadequate training and were not allowed to become officers (8, 15). When he heard of this maltreatment, Douglass immediately ceased his recruitment efforts, but when Lincoln promised changes, he began again. The war continued, a difficult struggle for both those fighting to unite the United States and those battling to end slavery. Finally, both wars had concluded. On April 9, 1865 the war to abolish slavery in all areas of the United States had been won (8, 16). Yet, Douglass still remained dissatisfied. He argued, â€Å"Slavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot.† (8, 17) A group of radical Republicans joined with the abolitionists in a campaign for voting rights for black men. Frederick did not have the support of president Johnson; instead, the two had opposing views. Johnson intended to support the interest of southern whites and block voting rights for blacks while Douglass felt need for changes in the southern state governments (8, 17). Both leaders took their cases to the American people and Douglass won (8, 17). The result of his long fought battle was the adoption of the fifteenth Amendment, which guaranteed all citizens the right to vote, regardless of their race (5). Instantaneously, the role of the black citizen became a pivoting force throughout the nation. Taking advantage of the new opportunities offered to them, a large number of blacks were elected to the state legislatures and won seats in Congress between 1868 and 1870 (8, 18). Frederick Douglass was also given a high political position as US Marshall in the District of Columbia (5). Everyone appreciated his work, up until his death on February 20, 1895 (6). His bereavement saddened the world; all black public schools closed for the day and parents took their children for a last look at the famed leader (8, 19). His life was spent battling the prejudice he, along with all other minorities, faced because of skin color, sex, or heritage. Although one would like to think Frederick Douglass’s many efforts ended discrimination, this is not the case. The Ku Klux Klan is a perfect example of how bigotry still exists today. The KKK is a secret terrorist organization that originated in the southern states during the period of Reconstruction following the American Civil War (7, 1). The group uses violence and intimidation to keep blacks segregated and to prevent them from voting and holding office (7, 1). The assembly believes in the innate inferiority of blacks and therefore mistrusted and resented the rise of former slaves to a status of civil equality and often to positions of political power (7, 1). Neo-nazism is another bias group that is present in today’s society. The main purpose of this group is to promote the idea of racial superiority by distributing propaganda and seeking support for their cause (4, 1). As minorities start to come in to their own, the amount of paranoia grows regarding the idea that the position of the white person is threatened (4, 1). White Supremacist organizations are found in the United States as well as abroad. Although racism still existed after Frederick Douglass’s death, he was extremely successful in giving blacks more freedom in America than they had ever possessed. Frederick Douglass’s beliefs have had a profound impact on the history, as well as the present, civil liberties for all. He promoted of the addition of the fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution. Within these ratifications, slavery was abolished and blacks were given the right to vote and the opportunity to enlist in the army. Frederick’s speeches gave hope and faith to many blacks not only within the country, but worldwide. He served as a prime example of an individual who climbed the social ladder from the very bottom, to the peak. Through his words and actions, he was able to influence future leaders, such as Martin Luther King Jr., Jesse Jackson, and Booker T. Washington, to fight for equality. Most importantly, Frederick Douglass made the black population worth more than just three fifths of a person. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Frederick Douglass from our professional custom essay writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers at an affordable cost.

Studying art in Denmark will make your artistic future better

Studying art in Denmark will make your artistic future better Studying Art in Denmark Are you a creative and talented person with vivid imagination and unusual way of thinking? Are you patient? Do you often feel inspired? Then, studying art is for you, still it`s not an easy ambition. But this will certainly help you to get the fresh insights while exploring the subject. There`s a great range of institutions which offer to share the best ideas of real professionals. But today let`s check the where you can study art in Denmark. The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Schools Of Architecture, Design and Conservation School of Design In this school everyone can find something according to own tastes and intentions. The institution offers 5 various departments of education. Each center specializes on own way of art. For example, the Centre for Communication Design is responsible for expressing art with help of different modern technologies. The second department deals with fashion, it`s the Centre for Textile and Fashion. It shows clothes designing, so that this kind of work can be also called art. You can also find interesting and useful lectures and information on interior designing and architecture. The Centre for Furniture, Spatial and Industrial Design is responsible for the furniture creation, the traditional furniture making along with modern and extraordinary ways are taught. So this can help to implement your ideas of comfortable home into life. Those who like fragile work will be pleased to attend the Centre for Glass and Ceramics, where new ways and techniques of glass and ceramics making are shown and encouraged to be used. And finally the Centre for Theory and Method explores the culture itself and searches for its main concepts and basis. Royal Danish Academy of Art This academy is a treasure for all connoisseurs of visual art. Here you are welcomed to 6-year studying which is though divided into 2 parts of 3-years each.   The first 3 years you are studying to get Bachelor`s degree in Fine Arts of Visual art. And the next 3 years are devoted to getting Master`s degree. There`s also a study board which consists of teachers and students. They are to supervise whether all points of quality policy (which is very important here as it helps to ensure the qualified education) are followed. The Danish National School of Theatre and Contemporary Dance This school offers a great range of interesting classes. It`s opened to students from all over the world. Here all are offered to study acting, scenography, direction, light and production management, contemporary dance and partnership etc. Students are welcome to get useful knowledge and develop their skills in these kinds of work. The Rhythmic Music Conservatory (RMC) Here you get a great chance to be enrolled in the studying of various kinds of music, pop, rock, jazz – you will be aware of everything. 3-year studying is for Bachelor`s degree and 2-year for Master`s degree. In addition, you can continue studying for 2 years to get the Advanced Postgraduate Diploma. The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg You can get here the Bachelor`s and Master`s degree in performance, music teaching and composition. The Bachelor`s program is to introduce music to students, tell them important details and information required. Getting Master`s degree you can choose the sphere you like the most. Each student is allowed to create own program to find themselves in their own sphere. The Royal Danish Academy of Music, Copenhagen In this institution you can get both Bachelor`s and Master`s degree in a specific instrument or any other field of music. A lot of programs are offered, such as percussion, woodwind, brass instruments, opera and voice. Funen Art Academy This institution is known all over the world, international students are welcome here. Students can get degree in visual arts. Teachers tightly cooperate with students and help them develop their skills. The Jutland Academy of Fine Arts Here work international and local artists, all classes are held in Danish. Still some guests come and deliver their speeches in English. Kolding School of Design This school offers the Bachelor`s degree but only in Danish, so if you are an international student then you are to pass special test to check whether you are good in Danish. You will be taught to work alone and in team, your designing skills will be improved. Aarhus School of Architecture In this institution you can get not only Bachelor`s and Master`s degree but also PhD. The PhD program is according to all requirements of Danish Ministry of Culture`s Act. It depends on you which institution to choose, all of them will completely satisfy your ambitions.

Cultural Tourism in QUB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cultural Tourism in QUB - Essay Example This essay stresses that cultural tourism takes place both in urban and rural areas. Most urban destinations are especially cities with long histories preserved in buildings, museaums and theatres. Tourism in rural areas mostly showcases the traditions of indigenous communities including festivals, rituals, beliefs, value systems and lifestyle in general. Queens University Belfast is has a well-established network comprising students, staff, alumni and other interested parties. This network thrives on the basis of a well-established continuous interaction system. This network constitutes a significant equity that makes it not just an institution but also a well-known brand throughout the UK and internationally. This equity is further enhanced by the buildings and general environment of the university that is attractive both to visitors and potential students. This paper makes a conclusion that Queens University Belfast has so far done a good job in promoting itself as a brand equity for cultural tourism. With improvements, especially on formal advertising, it can create a stronger brand which will work even better for it. Though such an effort must not be taken at cross purposes with its academic programs, it is still necessary to build a stronger brand. The university itself is so strategically located that such an effort wiuld be of great benefit to it. So what they have done so far is commendable, but there is indeed room for improvement.

Global studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Global studies - Essay Example on the quality of life in American society reveal that African Americans are the most disadvantaged and continue to lag behind the whites in every aspect in the society. For instance, African Americans tend to have low quality education, have difficulty getting employed and also accessing quality health care among others and this clearly indicates the depth of racial inequality in American society. This paper discusses how different individuals understand the issues of civil tights and racism in American society today and it covers the liberal ideals that assisted in promoting civil rights movement. The civil rights movement was a struggle by the African Americans to achieve equal civil rights as the whites including equal employment opportunities, good housing, quality education, voting rights, equal access to public facilities and most importantly the right to be free of racial discrimination. Therefore, this movement was particularly â€Å"organized to protest the unfair treatment of black Americans† (Wright 4). Basically, this movement aimed at ensuring that African Americans enjoyed the citizenship rights assured by the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments of the U.S Constitution. These amendments were very important to the civil rights movement as they guaranteed every American citizen equal citizenship (Hasday 8). Generally, the civil rights movement prompted gains for African Americans, women as well as persons with disabilities among others. African Americans’ rights of citizenship had been worn by the segregationist Jim Crow laws in the South because unde r these laws, African Americans were denied the right to vote; they were subjected to segregation; and disadvantaged when it comes to access to education, employment and healthcare among others (Ferrante 190). However, the Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1866 which highlighted numerous civil liberties including the right to make contracts, own and sell property and receive equal treatment under

term insurance Essay examples -- essays research papers

Why buy life insurance? Many financial experts consider life insurance to be the cornerstone of sound financial planning. It is generally a cost-effective way to provide for your loved ones after you are gone. It can be an important tool in the following ways: Income replacement For most people, their key economic asset is their ability to earn a living. If you have dependents, then you need to consider what would happen to them if they no longer have your income to rely on. Proceeds from a life insurance policy can help supplement retirement income. This can be especially useful if the benefits of your surviving spouse or domestic partner will be reduced after your death. Pay outstanding debts and long-term obligations Consider life insurance so that your loved ones have the money to offset burial costs, credit card debts and medical expenses not covered by health insurance. In addition, life insurance can be used to pay off the mortgage, supplement retirement savings and help pay college tuition. Estate planning The proceeds of a life insurance policy can be structured to pay estate taxes so that your heirs will not have to liquidate other assets. Term Life Insurance Term life insurance provides a death benefit only if death occurs during the "term" or coverage period of the policy. If you outlive your term or quit paying premiums, your policy lapses and is of no value. Term life insurance plays a vital role in proper financial planning. People who buy term may do so for several reasons such as: Temporary need - They have a temporary need, which lends itself to a temporary solution, i.e., raising children, education, paying off a mortgage, a business buy/sell agreement. Affordability - Term premiums are very affordable. If you're in excellent health, you can get a lot of coverage for very little cost. The Gamble 95% of all term policies go unpaid. In other words, if you took a random sample of 100 people who purchased term insurance, 95 of them would outlive their terms. The insurance companies know this. That is how they can afford to offer a 45 year-old male $250,000 worth of coverage for a 20-year term for only $375 per year. They've crunched the numbers and are willing to bet that you and a whole lot of other people are going to outlive your policies. Because term is inexpensive, there is much less commitment. When you want o... ... investment performance, especially with variable life. Unlike stocks or mutual funds, tracking sub-account and overall investment performance is quite complicated because one must consider all of the charges, which are changing constantly. The following are some guidelines we use to help determine what type of insurance you should buy: You Should Buy Term If You: only need coverage for a specific period of time, - like a house mortgage or until your children are independent. need a lot of coverage and can't afford permanent have low cash flow - if you're living paycheck to paycheck and don't think you can keep up with the permanent payments, triggering surrender charges. have other investments and are committed and self-disciplined to make regular deposits. don't want the commitment required from permanent insurance You Should Buy Permanent Insurance If You: have a high net worth and are seeking a tax-advantaged investment don't want to risk outliving your term and having nothing to show for it understand that permanent insurance is a long-term commitment need insurance for estate planning purposes want forced savings want guaranteed life insurance for life

American Woman

American Woman The struggles America has dealt with have been expressed in the lyrics of popular songs, specifically issues pertaining to government, politics, the period of the Cold War and Vietnam War. Another American issue that has been expressed in popular music is the drug world and its complications, creating a strong and forceful depiction of America. The song titled â€Å"American Woman† has been expressed through many different medium of art. American Woman† has two versions; the first version was made by the Canadian rock band the â€Å"Guess Who†, the second version was made by the American singer and composer Lenny Kravitz. â€Å"American Woman† is a successful song that has caused many controversies over the years; for example, regarding the â€Å"Guess Who† version, it refers to attacks on U. S. politics and government, especially for the Cold War and Vietnam War, while Kravitz’s version expresses his personal take on drug use a nd his personal battle with drug addiction. â€Å"American Woman† is a product of the Vietnam War and its issues.When the vocalist of â€Å"The Guess Who† referred to American woman, he actually referred to The Unites States. Some lyrics of the song reflect the political and government issues of the U. S. For example, â€Å"Don’t come hangin’ around my door, I don’t wanna see your face no more, I got more important things to do, that spend my time growin’ old with you† (L. 18-21). This part of the song is basically saying that Canada has its own troubles that they have to deal with, and they don’t need to get into some wars over opinion with the U.S. The â€Å"Guess Who† version also refers to America’s imperialistic attitude at the time of the Vietnam War. For instance, â€Å"I don’t need your war machine; I don’t need your ghetto scenes† (L. 35-36). This phrase is referring to the nuclear we apons that the U. S. used in Vietnam and the after math of the explosives. During the time of the Cold War and the Vietnam War, America tried to get Canada to adopt nuclear missiles and join in the war. The â€Å"Guess Who† showed in the lyrics of â€Å"American Woman† the rejection of war activities.For example, â€Å"Colored lights can hypnotize, Sparkle someone else’s eyes, now woman, I said stay away, American woman, listen what I say† (L. 37-40). These lyrics basically refer to the explosions of the bombs that occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975 (Vu Tung). The phrase implies that Canada does not like wars, and it tells the U. S. government to bother someone else. At the time of the Vietnam War, Canada had economic growth, political independence and regime survival in a post-Cold War environment.In the Kravitz’s version of the song â€Å"American Woman† the original political themes of the song were replaced by his p ersonal takes on drug use and his personal battles with drug addiction. When Kravitz mentions American woman as a white girl, he actually refers to the use of cocaine. For instance, â€Å"Huh, American Woman, stay away from me, American woman, mama let me be† (L. 1-2). In this phrase, he is refusing to use drugs, especially, cocaine. Furthermore, he is also saying that drugs don’t let him be the person that he wants to be.In America, the number of drug users increases every year. Drugs are everywhere, especially at parties and night clubs. Kravitz used the lyrics of â€Å"American Woman† to transmit the message of avoiding drugs. For example, â€Å"Colored lights can hypnotized, Sparkle someone else’s eyes† (L. 13-14). This phrase also reflects how the use of drugs can captivate people by making them feel good; however, Kravitz refuses to take drugs, and he wants to stay away from them. In the song â€Å"American Woman† Kravitz shows his per sonal experience using drugs and the negative effects of the illegal substances.For instance, â€Å"Don’t come knocking ‘round my door, I don’t wanna see your shadow no more† (L. 11-12). In these lyrics the singers is referring to his personal experience using drugs. When he mentions shadows, he refers to how painful and hard is the addition of these illegal substances. Kravits throughout the song shows how he fought to quit drugs. In the following lyrics expressed â€Å"I gotta go, I gotta get away, Baby, I gotta go, I wanna fly away† (L. 29-30). Although the drug world at first glance seems amusing, from Kravitz’s experience, he prefers to get away from temptations.In conclusion, â€Å"American Woman† is an extraordinary song that has caused many controversies over the years; for example, regarding the Guess Who’s version, it refers to attacks on U. S politics and government, especially for the Cold War and Vietnam War, while Kravitz’s version referrers to the rejection of the drug world and his personal experience with cocaine. The challenges that America has had over the years, have been subjects for songs, paintings, poetry, films and art in general, especially those themes that are related with the U.S. government, politics, wars and illegal drugs. America will always be the subject of inspiration for artists around the globe because it is a country with a variety of cultures and population issues. Work Cited * The Guess Who. â€Å"American Woman†. Elyrics. net. 200-20013. Web. March 20, 2013. * Kravitz, Lenny. â€Å"American Woman†. Elyrics. net. 200-20013. Web. March 20, 2013. * Vu Tung, Nguyen. â€Å"Vietnam’s Membership of ASEAN: A Constructivist Interpretation†. Military and Government Collection. Vol. 29, Dec 2007. Web. March 20, 2013.